Before its applications, let me give an overview of What is a tunnel Diode. It will help you understand its working, characteristics, and applications in broad way.

What is a tunnel Diode:

It is also known as Esaki Diode, on the name of the Inventor. “A Tunnel diode is a p-n junction device which exhibits negative resistance.”

And this diode works on tunneling effect. Now the next thing to understand is “Tunnelling effect”

It works on the principle of Tunneling effect. Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) diode is another type of Tunnel diode, but its present application appears to be limited to research environments due to inherit sensitivities, its applications considered to be very limited to research environments.

Tunnelling Effect:

Tunnelling is a quantum mechanical effect which would be impossible according to the mechanics. This effect allows the particle to cross the barrier with less energy than the barrier energy. As per equation, the probability increases with a decrease in the barrier energy.

P α exp (-A*Eb *W)

Where

p = probability

Eb = barrier energy (b is in base of E)

W = Barrier width

Some of the applications of tunnel diodes are:

• Due to a triple valued feature of its current curve, it is used as a logic memory storage device.
• Due to small capacitance, inductance and negative resistance it is used in relaxation oscillators and microwave oscillators.
• Due to the tunneling mechanism, it is used as an ultra high speed switch.
• The switching time is of the order of nanoseconds or even picoseconds.
• Due to the triple valued feature of its curve from current, it is used as a logic memory storage device.
• Due to extremely small capacitance, inductance and negative resistance, it is used as a microwave oscillator at a frequency of about 10 GHz.
• Due to its negative resistance, it is used as a relaxation oscillator circuit.

Tunnel diode operation

Tunnel diode can operate either in a forward direction or reverse direction. Here we are explaining the operation of the tunnel diode in both biasing. Operation with the help of V-I characteristics curve is explained in the next heading below.

• Forward biasing:
• In forward bias operation, when the voltage increases electronsat the first tunnel start to flow through the narrow p-n junction barrier and got aligned with empty valence band holes on the p-side of the p-n junction. As voltage increases, this state becomes misaligned and, as a result, the current starts falling. The region into which the current drops is known as negative resistance region. By increasing voltage further, diode begins to operate as a normal diode into which electrons starts moving across the p-n junction through conduction and no longer by tunneling through the p-n junction barrier.
• Reverse Biasing:
• In Reverse bias operation, filled state on the p-side of the junction becomes increasingly aligned with empty states at the N-side. When they get properly aligned electrons starts tunnel through the p-n junction barrier in the reverse direction. In the reverse direction, these are also known as back diodes and can act as fast rectifiers with extreme linearity for power signals and zero offset voltage.

Hope now you totally understand about the tunnel diode application. If you have any question related to tunnel diode application than comment below. we will help you soon.

Reference :

analyseameter.com

elprocus.com

Relay definition: A relay is an automatic device which senses an abnormal condition in an electric circuit and closes its contacts. These contacts in turn close the circuit breaker trip coil circuit, thereby it opens the circuit breaker and the faulty part of the electric circuit is disconnected from the rest of the healthy circuit.

Operating principle of Relay

Basically, there are two different operating principles of relays: (i) electromagnetic attraction, and (ii) electromagnetic induction.

In the electromagnetic attraction type of relays, the operation is obtained by virtue of an armature being attracted to the poles of an electromagnet or a plunger being drawn into a solenoid. These relays can be operated by both d.c. as well as a.c. quantities. With d.c. the torque developed is constant and if this force exceeds a predetermined value the relay operates.

In the case of a.c. quantity the force is given by

This shows that the force consists of two components, one the constant, independent of time, whereas the other is a function of time and pulsates at double the supply frequency. The total deflecting force, therefore, pulsates at double the frequency. Since the restraining force is constant the net force is a pulsating one which means that the relay armature vibrates at double the power supply frequency. These vibrations will lead to sparking between the contacts and the relay will soon be damaged.

To overcome this difficulty in a.c. an electromagnet, the two fluxes producing the force are displaced in time phase so that the resultant deflecting force is always positive and constant.

This phase displacement can be achieved either by providing two windings on the electromagnet having a phase shifting network or by putting shading ring on the poles of the magnet as shown in Fig. 14.2. However, the shading ring or coil method is more simple and is widely used.

Induction Relays: The induction relays operate based on the electromagnetic induction principle. Therefore, these relays can be used only on a.c. circuits and not on d.c. circuits. Depending upon the type of rotor being used, these relays are categorized as (i) induction disc type, and (ii) induction cup type of relays.

In case of induction disc type of relays, the disc is the moving element on which the moving contact of a relay is fixed whereas in case of induction cup the contact is fixed with the cup.

There are two structures available under the induction disc type of relay: (i) the shaded pole structure, and (ii) the watthour meter structure.

Shaded Pole Structures:

As shown in Fig. 14.2, the disc is placed between the shaded and unshaded poles of the relay. The relay consists of an operating coil which is fed by the current proportional to the system current. The air gap flux produced by this flux is split into two out-of-phase components by a shading ring made of copper that encircles part of the pole face of each pole at the air gap. The disc is normally made of aluminum so as to have low inertia and, therefore, requires less deflecting torque for its motion. Sometimes, instead of shading ring, shading coils are used which can be short-circuited by the contact of some other relay. Unless the contacts of the other relay are closed, the shading coil remains open and hence no torque can be developed. Such torque control is employed where a directional feature is required which will be described later.

some other definition related to relay :

Relay: A relay is an automatic device which senses an abnormal condition in an electric
circuit and closes its contacts. These contacts in turn close the circuit breaker trip coil circuit, thereby it opens the circuit breaker and the faulty part of the electric circuit is disconnected from the rest of the healthy circuit.

Pick up Level: The value of the actuating quantity (current or voltage) which is on the threshold (border) above which the relay operates.

Reset Level: The value of current or voltage below which a relay opens its contacts and
comes to original position.

Operating Time: The time which elapses between the instant when the actuating quantity
exceeds the pick-up value to the instant when the relay contacts close.

Reset Time: The time which elapses between the instant when the actuating quantity
becomes less than the reset value to the instant when the relay contact returns to its normal position.

Primary Relays: The relays which are connected directly in the circuit to be protected.
Secondary Relays: The relays which are connected in the circuit to be protected through
current and potential transformers.

Auxiliary Relays: Relays which operate in response to the opening or closing of its
operating circuit to assist another relay in the performance of its function. This relay may be instantaneous or may have a time delay.

Reach: A distance relay operates whenever the impedance seen by the relay is less than
a prespecified value. This impedance or the corresponding distance is known as the reach of the relay.

Underreach: The tendency of the relay to restrain at the set value or the impedance or
impedance lower than the set value is known as underreach.

hope you know well about the definition of the relay and operating principle of the relay. if you have any question related operating principle of relay than kindly comment below. we will try to help you soon. Thank you

Importance of trees essay for class 5

All trees are our best friends. Trees provide many necessary things and trees expect nothing in return except love and care from us. Trees provide us different fruits like delicious mango, bananas, juicy grapes and oranges. Trees provide shelter to humans and other animals in hot summer.

They give us timber (wood) which is used in building our houses and buildings. We get medicines from plants like Cinchona, aconite, coriander, digitalis, horehound, tulsi , neem, and garlic.Wood which e get from trees is used by man for a number of applications like the construction of buildings, agricultural implements etc. Trees are the only source of wood. Timber providing trees are Pine, Fir, Spruce, and Cedar. Trees also help in making the our air pure and pollution free. They absorb a carbon dioxide Co2 and givs us oxygen which is so important for us.T his oxygen O2 must necessary for human livings.

Trees also provide shelter to many animals.T he roots of trees bind the soil So that roots of trees help soil from being washed away by water or wind. They help to reduce the global temperature on earth and maintaine temperature. There is so many importace of trees but now the Quantity of trees decrease day by day. This decrease in trees value is because of deforestration. government tries to reduce deforestration and take action against this.

Trees have a huge importance in our life so we should grow more trees and Save trees.

Slogans on the importance of trees:-

• Plant a tree, plant a tree so that next generation can get air for free.
• Don’t make Trees rare, keep them with care.
• Take care of the trees, they will take care of you.
• Trees on, Global warming gone!
• If you cut a tree, you kill a life.
  If you save a tree, you save a life.
  If you plant a tree, you plant a life.
• Trees give good look; don’t destroy them from earth book.
• Save trees, live active lifestyle.
• Save Trees, Save Life!
• Save Trees, Save Environment.
• Save trees, save earth.
• Save trees, save nature.
• Save a tree to help us breathe.
• Plant more trees, make environment pollution free.
• Think of the long haul, don’t let the trees fall!
• Trees – the lungs of the world
• Killing trees is killing us…..

hope you find your essay of the importance of trees for class 5. This essay is helpful for kids and schools. Thank you so much for reading this essay.if you have any Question related to the article than comment below.

Teachers day speech by students in English:-

Good morning to all respected teachers and all my friends. Today we all gather on this special occasion that we all know. This day 5 September is so valuable in our life that we already know. but you might have to know about more on this special occasion. Today on this day I like to inform more about the importance of teachers day.

5 September is celebrated as teachers day on every year as usual. But first, do you know why this teachers day celebrated? This teachers day is celebrated because this day is an anniversary of Dr. Sharvapali  Radhakrishna. This day we celebrated to remember Dr. Shrinivashan Radhakrishnan who is the great teacher in his past life. All students across this school have to respect their teachers. You don’t realize the value of teachers now but I know after school days you remember this day and get respect for your teachers. Teachers are like the backbone in a students life. Without this bone can’t able to stay straight on positions. You can’t feel their efforts toward you but they do a major role to shape your life in the right direction. Teachers know everything about their student’s how to teach and how to shape students in their life to make a bright future in their carrier. teachers teach carefully to all students like their own students. these teachers are given a motivation to the student by giving personality examples. All my dear friends we must obey our teacher’s orders because teachers don’t want to hurt you in some way but they want to make you more perfect on your subject. so come on my dear friends let we respect our teachers and thank to all teachers.

Thank all teachers for shaping my life this much as you can. And thanks to everyone for listening to me sincerely.

Thank you.

Welcome speech for teachers day by students in English:-

Good morning to all my dear friends or respected teachers. Here we gather on this special day which called teachers day. A day with excitement, joy, and happiness .this day we celebrate on the 5 September. But you know why 5 September we choose to celebrate as teachers day? 5 September is marked as an anniversary of sarvapali Radhakrishnan who is great schooler and an excellent teacher. this day we celebrate to respect the teachers and thank them. teachers help to grow students life in right direction some time teacher became rude but the reason behind that rudeness is to benefit students future. So let say together

Dear teachers, we want to tell you today

You, teachers are so kind and so precious

You, teachers are our inspiration

And you teachers build our future bright

So on this day we only want to thank you.

Speech on the importance of teachers :

Teachers are more important in our recent life just like our parents or relatives. They teach us the wisdom in everything. They give us a moral support and encourages us to live equally in this society and treat everyone equally. They teach us the importance of life and puts in the right track to ensure that we are capable enough to survive in this society. They make a beautiful statue from an unshaped stone. They make us more knowledgeable and enable a proper flow of knowledge from one generation to another. Without teachers, all would be barbarians. Respect them.

Good teachers able to change students life: good teachers make easy for you and guide on right direction to students future.not they give book education but also help to grow on other things for their students.

hope you like this teacher speech to students, teachers day speech by students and speech on teacher day.if you want more than comment about your demand we will be soon with you.

NSFW is a word which uses in the social network platform and in business. you don’t know the answer, what does that mean in text message or facebook or in business? NSFW mean on Reddit or Facebook is “not safe for work”.NSFW is used in Instagram, facebook, or twitter post. people post in text like NSFW.after reading this word you getting confused what is the meaning of this word.NSFW is generally internet slang which uses in social media.

NSFW definition:-

Now a day millions of people use social media. People use some internet slang in their post or comment on social media like facebook, Instagram etc.people use #IMO or IMO in their comment.

So as you know NSFW full form  is – “Not Safe for Work”

Many people update their post on social media like “ #nsfw ”. NSFW is an internet slang which uses in viral social media platform. Hope you enjoy our article if you want to know more than keep in touch with our site. I thought now you know what does NSFW stand for on discord.

Hope you find an answer about your question.thank you so much.

IMO is a word which uses in the social network platform and in business. you don’t know the answer, what does that mean in business or Instagram or in text? IMO mean on snapchat or Instagram is “town and country trust”.LMR is used in Instagram, facebook, or twitter post. people post in text like IMO.after reading this word you getting confused what is the meaning of this word.IMO is generally internet slang which uses in social media.

IMO definition:-

Now a day millions of people use social media. People use some internet slang in their post or comment on social media like facebook, Instagram etc.people use #IMO or IMO in their comment.

So as you know the mean of IMO full form – “IN MY OPINION”

Many people update their post on social media like “ #IMO ”. IMO is an internet slang which uses in viral social media platform. Hope you enjoy our article if you want to know more than keep in touch with our site.

Hope you find an answer about your question.thank you so much.

TCTYL is a word which uses in the social network platform. you don’t know the answer, what does that mean on Snapchat or Instagram or in a text? TCTYL mean on snapchat or Instagram is “town and country trust”.LMR is used on Instagram, facebook, or twitter post. people post in text like tctyl.after reading this word you getting confused what is the meaning of this word.tctyl is generally internet slang which uses in social media.

TCTYL definition:-

Now a day millions of people use social media. People use some internet slang in their post or comment on social media like facebook, Instagram etc.people use #TCTYL or TCTYL in their comment.

So as you know TCTYL full form – “town and country trust”

Many people update their post on social media like “ #TCTYL ”.TCTYL is an internet slang which uses in viral social media platform. Hope you enjoy our article if you want to know more than keep in touch with our site.

Hope you find an answer about your question.thank you so much

Kadaikutty singam is going trending now, so many people want to know kadaikutty singam actress name and details. This movie featuring by Sayyeshaa saigal. Sayyesha saigal already doing many films but this film touches fans hearts. let know about the actress Sayyesha saigal details.

By seeing powerful acting of Sayyeshaa saigal fans are excited to know more about this actress. Sayyeshaa saigal is growing tamil actress and try to make future in cinema world. Recently film kadaikutta singam film trailer release and Sayyeshaa saigal make success in attracting their fans towards them.

let us know in details about kadaikutty singam actress name Sayyeshaa Saigal :-

Other facts:-

Sayyeshaa Saigal is Indian actress and daughter of Summet Saigal and Shaheen Banu.This actress doing well-known films at a very young age. This actress also played role in Ajay Devgan’s movie Shivaay.

See this practice during the movie of kadaikutty singam:-

#Sandakkari in the making! #KadaiKuttySingam #ChinnaBabu
Thank you for the overwhelming response! pic.twitter.com/6A1KPHaJ4k

— Sayyeshaa (@sayyeshaa) July 14, 2018

hope you find your answers and enjoy our article. Thank you so much for giving us time to read. {this all pics are taken from the official ayyeshaa saigal twitter account}

Satyamev jayte film actress is going trending now, so many people want to know satyamev jayte actress name and details. This movie actress featuring by Aisha Sharma .aisha Sharma already doing many films but this movie touches fans hearts. let know about the actress Aisha Sharma details.

By seeing this hot pic of Aisha Sharma fans are excited to know more about this actress. Aisha Sharma is growing Bollywood actress and try to make future in Bollywood. Recently John abrahim film satyamev jayte film trailer release and Aisha Sharma make success in attracting their fans towards them.

let us know in details about Aisha Sharma

Other facts of Aisha Sharma:-

Her favorite Bollywood celebrity is Shah Rukh khan.

Her favorite film is Dilwale dulhaniya le Jayenge.

Her favorite destination is California.

Thank you for all #PaniyonSa crosses #5M #SatyamevaJayateOn15Aug @zmilap @TheJohnAbraham @TSeries @SMJFilm @BajpayeeManoj @EmmayEntertain @nikkhiladvani #BhushanKumar @AmrutaOfficial @itsaadee @TulsikumarTK @RochakTweets pic.twitter.com/gjKQYfwyWQ

— Aisha Sharma (@aishasharma25) July 12, 2018

Fans getting excited towards her see this tweet:-

We can’t wait to watch #AishaSharma on the big screen! #WomanCrushWednesday https://t.co/T8EPRf21yy pic.twitter.com/AbqVobdm5g

— MissMalini (@MissMalini) July 11, 2018

Hot Workout of Aisha Sharma

When your workout sessions are all things fun pic.twitter.com/Be9pjxIafY

— Aisha Sharma (@aishasharma25) May 5, 2017

[all this pics and tweets are taken from Aisha Sharma official tweeter account]

World population day is celebrated on 11 July every year. This year is so important for awareness about all global population.The main motto of this day celebration is to raise awareness on the global population issues. This world population day generally first governed by the United nation development programme in the year 1989. First United states start this event and after that, this day is announced as a World population day. All countries must aware of the population and try to maintain as it is if possible.

World population day aims to increase awareness of population issues in public such as family planning, gender equality, poverty and also to aware of mental stress and human rights. First, this day was suggested by Dr. KC Zachariah in which there is population reaches around 5 billion when he worked in world bank. He decided to start this day as an event to aware people that how much fast population was increasing.

As per the day by day reports world population is increasing rapidly, we must aware of the report and must know about how much population increase. As per the average world population reports population of the world increases by 100 million approximately every 14 months. This world population reaches 7,400,000,000 on day 6 February 2016. This population increase to 7,500,000,000 at around day 24 April 2017.

World population day 2018 slogan:-

“The main point of the population is to reduce or minimize misery”. – Roger Bengston

“If we don’t halt population growth with justice and compassion, it will be done for us by nature, brutally and without pity- and will leave a ravaged world”. – Nobel Laureate Dr. Henry W. Kendall

“When your world family is small, whatever bit little they have they are able to share.By this There is peace”. – Philip Njuguna

“Once if it was necessary that the people should multiply and than be fruitful if the race was to survive. But now to preserve the race it is necessary that people hold back the power of propagation”. – Helen Keller

“As a woman leader, I thought I brought a different kind of leadership. I was interested in women’s issues, in bringing down the population growth rate… as a woman, I entered politics with an additional dimension – that of a mother”. – Benazir Bhutto

“Rapid population growth and technological innovation, combined with our lack of understanding about how the natural systems of which we are a part work, have created a mess”. – David Suzuki

“But as the population became denser, the natural chemical and biological recycling processes became overloaded, calling for a redefinition of property rights”. – Garrett Hardin

Quotes on population control:-

Here below the Quotes which related to population control.

“Having Children Does Not Guarantee Love.”

“Lack Of Love In Your Life? Having Kids Isn’T The Answer.”

World population day poster, images:-

Hope you enjoy our Quotes, images, slogan, and essay. This might help for you.thanks for taking time to us. Please help to know other people about population day.